Topic4:- Operators in Python

What are Operators in Python

Operators are symbols or special characters that perform operations on variables and values.
For example:

a = 15
b = 5
print(a + b)   # Output: 120

Here, + is an operator that adds two numbers.

Python Operators

Types of Basic Operators in Python

Python operators are broadly classified as:

1. Arithmetic Operators

2. Comparison (Relational) Operators

3. Logical Operators

4. Assignment Operators

5. Bitwise Operators

6. Membership Operators

7. Identity Operators

1️⃣ Arithmetic Operators

Used for mathematical operations.

Operator	Description	Example	Output
+	Addition	10 + 5	15
-	Subtraction	10 - 5	5
*	Multiplication	10 * 5	50
/	Division	10 / 5	2.0
%	Modulus (remainder)	10 % 3	1
**	Exponentiation	2 ** 3	8
//	Floor Division	10 // 3	3

📘 Example:

a = 10
b = 3
print(a + b)   # 13
print(a % b)   # 1
print(a ** b)  # 1000

2️⃣ Comparison Operators

Used to compare two values; returns True or False.

Operator	Meaning	Example	Output
==	Equal to	10 == 5	False
!=	Not equal to	10 != 5	True
>	Greater than	10 > 5	True
<	Less than	10 < 5	False
>=	Greater than or equal	10 >= 5	True
<=	Less than or equal	10 <= 5	False

3️⃣ Logical Operators

Used to combine conditional statements.

Operator	Meaning	Example	Output
and	True if both are True	(10 > 5) and (5 < 2)	False
or	True if at least one is True	(10 > 5) or (5 < 2)	True
not	Reverses True/False	not(10 > 5)	False

 4️⃣ Assignment Operators

Used to assign values to variables.

Operator	Example	Equivalent
=	a = 5	Assign 5 to a
+=	a += 2	a = a + 2
-=	a -= 2	a = a - 2
*=	a *= 2	a = a * 2
/=	a /= 2	a = a / 2
%=	a %= 2	a = a % 2

5️⃣ Bitwise Operators

Used to perform bit-level operations.

Operator	Name	Example	Binary Result
&	AND	5 & 3	1
`	`	OR	`5
^	XOR	5 ^ 3	6
~	NOT	~5	-6
<<	Left Shift	5 << 1	10
>>	Right Shift	5   >> 1	2

6️⃣ Membership Operators

Used to test if a value is present in a sequence (like list, string, etc.)

Operator	Example	Output
in	'a' in 'apple'	True
not in	'x' not in 'apple'	True

7️⃣ Identity Operators

Used to compare memory locations.

Operator	Example	Output
is	a is b	True if same object
is not	a is not b	True if different objects

📘 Example:

x = [1,2,3]
y = x
z = [1,2,3]

print(x is y)   # True
print(x is z)   # False

Summary 

Python operators are symbols that perform operations on variables and values. They include arithmetic, comparison, logical, assignment, bitwise, membership, and identity operators, which together enable powerful and flexible program logic.